Use of Critical Discourse Analysis Theories to Examine Donald Trump's Speeches.
For submission to International Journal of Advanced Research IJAR
Type of paper: literature review
Word limit: 1000 to 2000 Max
1.
Introduction
a.
Hook
Political speeches help to create people with authority and power in society. The speeches analyzed to realize the political objectives, stance, and opinion of a speaker
•
Critical discourse is a tool that enables us to determine whether language is applicable in a given context (Bonilla, 2016).
b.
Problem
Despite the lack of coherence, the problem is that Trump's speeches have been given little attention
linguistically. This is an issue of concern because he is the president of the most powerful state in the world and his language could have an impact on so many people (Almurashi, 2016).
c.
Purpose
•
To bridge the linguistic gap by critically analyzing the use of discourse theories in President Trump's speeches.
•
To disclose the persuasive methods employed by president Trump to convince people to believe in his ideas.
d.
Content
•
The themes and other stylistic devices brought out in leaders' speeches.
•
The context and how it influences the message.
2.
Literature Review
a.
Introduction
The study will analyze the different approaches that are applied in research. Halliday's systematic functional grammar will be used for this provides the linguistic tools that will be used for this study.
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b.
First topic
i.
Main idea
Discourse- this is the tool that will be used to analyze language in the speeches (Reisigl, 2017).
ii.
Explanation
Discourse is a term used to define conversation and can be either written or spoken. It is used for social construction.
iii.
Conclusion
Discourse is the form of language that people use in speeches to pass across ideas and persuade people to share in their ideologies.
iv.
Link to next topic
Discourse is the main tool that enables us to carry out a critical discourse analysis.
c.
Second topic
i.
Main idea
Critical Discourse Analysis- this will help the use of words in a given context.
ii.
Explanation
Critical Discourse Analysis is the study of the use of language in a given context (Han, 2015).
iii.
Conclusion
How people use language in a given context is what brings out the influence in their words. The use of certain language in a certain context can add weight to the information being communicated.
iv.
Link to next topic
This takes us back to the previous studies that have been carried out on critical discourse analysis.
d.
Third topic
i.
Main idea
Previous studies of critical discourse analysis- this will help us understand the concept of critical discourse analysis better and be able to apply it in this research.
ii.
Explanation
This is a concept that was developed by Halliday as a technique of functional grammar. It has been studied by many scholars all of whom agree that it would be inadequate to study discourse while ignoring the context.
iii.
Conclusion
To understand discourse better it has to be studied in context because it enables us to understand the
relationship between language and society.
iv.
Link to the next topic
Looking at previous studies that have been carried out on discourse will increase our knowledge of discourse and enable us to analyze those speeches.
e.
Fourth topic
i.
Main idea
Political speech and Trump's inaugural speech- this will enable us to understand the various elements of political discourse.
ii.
Explanation
Political discourse is defined as the slogans and other political words that are used in press conferences.
Political discourse adopts the position of the speaker, analyses his view and determines his proposal (Rohman, 2018).
iii.
Conclusion
President Trump has a way of using language to construct a good image and this has enabled him to win the trust of people.
iv.
Link to the next topic
Analysis of political discourse will bring us to the next topic in the study which is the theoretical structure of functional grammar
f.
Fifth topic
i.
Main idea
The theoretical structure of Halliday's functional grammar- this is aimed at understanding the theories of critical discourse according to Halliday so that we know what to look for when analyzing the speeches.
ii.
Explanation
According to Halliday, a language is a tool that people use to pass across information and it categorizes themes as simple, clausal or multiple.
iii.
Conclusion
For a speech to be considered effective, it must be coherent and pass across a unified idea.
iv.
Link to the next topic
This knowledge will now help us in the main task which is to analyze Trump's inaugural speech.
g.
Sixth topic
i.
Main idea
The examination of Trump's inaugural speech – this is to apply a critical discourse analysis on Trump's inaugural speech.
ii.
Explanation
This speech is important not only to America but to the whole world. Trump used it to achieve his political objectives that is why it was chosen for this study.
iii.
Conclusion
The study will explore all features of language presented in this speech including modality and coherence.
h.
Summary
This study combines the various elements of discourse to conduct a critical discourse analysis on presidents Trump' inaugural ceremony. It looks out for the application of political discourse, themes and any other features of critical discourse analysis presented in the speech.
i.
Research questions
What are the language characteristics that emerge in Trump's address?
3.
Conclusions and implications
a.
First conclusion
i.
Main idea
The outline of the language.
iv.
Explanation
The language can bring out an individual's attitude and make his objective clear (Wodak, 2015).
v.
Conclusion
Trump uses this to persuade individuals to believe in his ideology.
b.
Second conclusion
i.
Main idea
Relationship with the audience.
ii. Explanation
Trump uses simple words to create a friendly mood with his audience.
iii. Conclusion
This enables him to pass across his ideas more effectively to his audience.
c.
Implications for teaching
1.
First implication
i.
Main idea
The inclusion of socio-cultural and socio-historical background in discourse.
ii.
Explanation
In teaching discourse, the socio-cultural and the socio-historical background should also be included.
iii.
Conclusion
This will ensure that people understand discourse well.
2.
Implications for research
i.
Main idea
Application of other frameworks in discourse researches.
ii.
Explanation
Researches should consider applying other frameworks in their discourse researches. An example of this is the Fairclough's three-dimensional framework among others.
iii.
Conclusion
This will enhance the quality of their research and make their research more credible.
3.
Final sentence
Further research is recommended for this topic that will include the other frameworks of discourse research.
4.
Appendices
CDA- Critical Discourse Analysis
